Resumen
We investigate the chemical properties of M32, the bulges of M31 and the Milky Way, and the dwarf spheroidal galaxies NGC 205, NGC 185, Sagittarius, and Fornax using oxygen abundances for their planetary nebulae. Our principal result is that the mean stellar oxygen abundances correlate very well with thei r mean velocity dispersions, implying that the balance between energy input from type II supernovae and the gravitational potential controls chemical evolution in bulges, ellipticals, and dwarf spheroidals. It appears that chemical evolution ceases once supernovae have injected sufficient energy that a galacti c wind develops. All of the galaxies follow a single relation between oxygen abundance and luminosity, but the dwarf spheroidals have systematically higher [O/Fe] ratios than the other galaxies. Consequently, dynamically hot galaxies do not share a common star formation history nor need to a common chemical evolution, despite attaining similar mean stellar oxygen abundances when formin g similar masses. The oxygen abundances support previous indications that stars in higher luminosity ellipticals and bulges were formed on a shorter time scale than their counterparts in less luminous systems.
